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How to identify Japanese knotweed

What it looks like through the year, and the plants most often mistaken for it in Runcorn gardens.

Red Japanese knotweed shoots in spring
Spring: red shoots
Japanese knotweed in summer leaf
Summer: full leaf
Surveyor checking a knotweed stand
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Spring

Red-purple shoots with tightly rolled leaves push up from April and can grow several centimetres in a day.

Summer

Dense growth to two or three metres, with hollow purple-flecked stems that kink at each node and broad leaves with a flat base.

Autumn

Creamy flower sprays open in late summer, then the leaves turn yellow and fall.

Winter

The canes stay standing, brown, hollow and brittle, while the rhizome underground stays alive.

Often mistaken for

Bindweed twines around other plants. Dogwood has woody stems and curved leaf veins. Himalayan balsam has pink flowers and likes damp ground. Send a photo and we will say.

The short answers

In brief

What does Japanese knotweed look like?
Hollow, bamboo-like stems with purple or red speckles, growing in a zig-zag from node to node. Leaves are shield or heart-shaped with a flat base, up to about 14cm long. Plants reach 2 to 3 metres in summer.
What does knotweed look like in spring?
Red or purple asparagus-like shoots with rolled-back leaves appear from April. They can grow several centimetres a day.
What does knotweed look like in winter?
The leaves drop and the canes die back to brown, hollow, brittle stems that often stay standing through winter. The rhizome underground is still alive.
What is commonly mistaken for Japanese knotweed?
Bindweed, Russian vine, dogwood, lilac, houttuynia and Himalayan balsam are frequent look-alikes. Bindweed twines around other plants; knotweed stands on its own stems.
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